Correction to Kanayama et al. (2007).

Reports an error in "Testosterone supplementation for depressed men: Current research and suggested treatment guidelines" by Gen Kanayama, Revital Amiaz, Stuart Seidman and Harrison G. Pope Jr. (Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2007[Dec], Vol 15[6], 529-538). In the "Recent Studies" section (pp. 531-532), citations to Pope and Katz (2003) should have been to Pope, Kanayama, Cohane, Siegel, and Hudson (2003) to reflect the following source, which was omitted from the reference list: "Pope, H. G., Jr., Kanayama, G., Cohane, G., Siegel, A., & Hudson, J. I. (2003). Testosterone gel supplementation for men with refractory depression: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 105-111". (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2007-18976-003.) Several lines of accumulating evidence suggest that testosterone might be effective for the treatment of depression, especially in older men who exhibit low testosterone levels. However, despite the potential promise of this approach, the available literature of controlled studies of testosterone in depression remains extremely limited. Therefore, testosterone treatment of depression must still be considered an experimental procedure. At the present state of research, it appears that testosterone might most likely show benefit as an augmentation strategy in men who exhibit low or borderline testosterone levels and who show only a partial response to conventional antidepressants. In this article, we provide some suggested practical guidelines for the treatment of such individuals. However, it should be recognized that these suggestions are tentative and will likely require revision as additional data become available. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Phase behavior in liquid crystallization for diblock copolymers consisting of rubbery amorphous and side-chain liquid crystalline components

Phase behavior in liquid crystallization was studied for a series of liquid crystalline (LC) diblock copolymers consisting of rubbery amorphous and side-chain liquid crystalline components, poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) and poly[11-(4′-cyanophenyl-4″-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate] (PLC), respectively, using a time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques, DSC and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The block copolymers used had three kinds of copolymer compositions, 44, 20 and 15 wt% of PLC compositions (BLC44, BLC20 and BLC15, respectively). BLC44 showed a smectic liquid crystalline structure. In the process of liquid crystallization for BLC44, the SAXS peak due to the microphase separation structure existing before liquid crystallization was changed continuously to be at a smaller angular side, and at almost the same time, a new peak appeared at a further smaller angular side and developed. The former peak disappeared with the development of liquid crystallization. The behavior of these SAXS peaks suggests that the microphase separation structure was changed discretely at the transition from isotropic to smectic and that two phases coexist in the early stage of the liquid crystallization. The coexistence of two peaks in the early stage of the liquid crystallization corresponded to the POM observation. In the isotropization process, coexistence of two phases was not observed. For BLC20 exhibiting a cylindrical structure in both isotropic and liquid crystalline states, the liquid crystalline structure was not smectic but probably nematic, and the spacing was changed continuously in liquid crystallization. No liquid crystallization was observed in SAXS, POM and DSC for BLC15. The orientation of smectic layers within lamellar domains was investigated using 2D-SAXS images. The smectic layer was aligned perpendicularly to the lamellar interface.     

油田钻探用金刚石复合片热残余应力分析

目前国内外PDC钻头所使用的金刚石复合片有80%的非正常失效断裂是由其残余应力和界面结构问题引起的,热残余应力是造成金刚石复合片非正常失效的主要因素。根据金刚石复合片制造过程中的热力学工艺条件,对其平面界面热残余应力进行了详尽的数值计算和分析,对其热残余应力的分布规律和温度变化引起的变形规律进行了深入研究。研究结果表明,界面残余应力形态及其与金刚石复合片断裂失效存在内在关联,聚晶金刚石层厚度与残余应力及变形之间也密切相关。据此,提出了有效降低界面残余应力的措施。     

Interactive multiple objective linear programming system implemented on a microcomputer

Linear programming is one of the most widely used Operations Research/Management Science techniques. Recently, multiple objective decision making has been well established as a practical approach to seek a satisfactory solution to a decision making problem. Much attention has been focused on a microcomputer as an economical management tool.

In this paper we propose an interactive goal attainment method using the eigenvector algorithm for solving a multiple objective linear programming problem interactively on microcomputers. In the software package Micro-LPS based on the method proposed, we design a conversational and user-friendly system in which the user commands are involved.     

Biotransformation of three aromadendrane‐type sesquiterpenoids by Aspergillus wentii

BACKGROUND: The biotransformation of sesquiterpenoids, which are a large class of naturally occurring compounds, using microorganisms as a biocatalyst to produce useful novel organic compounds was investigated. The biotransformation of sesquiterpenoids, (+)‐aromadendrene ( 1 ), (−)‐alloaromadendrene ( 2 ) and (+)‐ledene ( 3 ) has been investigated using Aspergillus wentii as a biocatalyst. Results: Compound 1 was converted to (−)‐(10S,11S)‐10,13,14‐trihydroxyaromadendrane ( 4 ). Compound 2 was converted to (+)‐(1S,11S)‐1,13‐dihydroxyaromadendrene ( 5 ) and (−)‐5,11‐epoxycadin‐1(10)‐en‐14‐ol ( 6 ). Compound 3 was converted to compound 6 , (+)‐(10R,11S)‐10,13‐dihydroxyaromadendr‐1‐ene ( 7 ) and (+)‐(10S,11S)‐10,13‐dihydroxyaromadendr‐1‐ene ( 8 ). The structure of the metabolic products has been elucidated on the basis of their spectral data. CONCLUSION: Compound 1 gave only one product that was hydroxylated at C‐10, C‐13 and C‐14. By contrast, compounds 2 and 3 gave a number of products, one of which was common. The differences in oxidation of 1–3 are due to the configuration of the C‐1 position. Compounds 4–8 were new compounds. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Oxygen Potential Measurement of Americium Oxide by Electromotive Force Method

The oxygen potentials of AmO_{2− x} were measured in the x range of 0.01–0.5 and the temperature range of 1000–1333 K by the electromotive force method. The oxygen potentials at 1333 K were −19.83 kJ/mol for x =0.019 and −319.1 kJ/mol for x =0.485, which were higher than those of CeO_{2− x} by approximately 200 kJ/mol for the corresponding x values. From the dependence of the oxygen potentials on x and temperature, a tentative phase diagram of Am–O system was proposed, which suggested the presence of the intermediate phases of Am₇O₁₂ and Am₉O₁₆ in the Am–O system.     

Daily integrated generation scheduling for thermal,pumped‐storage,and cascaded hydro units and purchasing power considering network constraints

We have developed an innovative power generation scheduling method using quadratic programming (QP). The advantage of using our method is that it simultaneously solves unit commitment and economic load dispatch. We relax the binary variables of the unit state into continuous variables to apply QP to this problem. We also add a penalty term to converge the value of those variables to 0 or 1 to the objective function: the sum of the fuel costs and the start‐up costs. This penalty term depends on the per‐unit fuel cost. The possibility of its variable converging to zero increases as the cost increases. This method was applied to a test system of daily generation scheduling that consisted of 29 thermal units, two pumped‐storage units, four cascaded hydro units, and one transmission. The schedule satisfied all constraints, that is, load‐power balance, operation reserve, power flow, minimum up/down‐times, and fuel consumption. This result shows that the proposed method is effective. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(1): 25–34, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21014     

复杂地基处理中化学灌浆及质量控制的研究

在修建高坝水库时,坝基断层处理常用到化学灌浆,化学灌浆是一项复杂的技术措施,为获取化学灌浆的技术参数,进行了分析研究;在前人的研究基础上,结合锦屏一级水电站中所做的化学灌浆试验,从地质条件、浆材性能、灌浆压力等影响灌浆质量的因素入手,对各自的作用机理及相互之间的关系进行了探讨;得到了使灌浆质量达到最高水平的一系列控制和调控灌浆的参数;分析结果表明,化学灌浆加固坝基基础,需采用最优参数组合及其严格的灌浆过程控制,该法是一项实用的坝基加固处理措施,可为复杂地基处理中化学灌浆的设计与施工提供参考依据。     

Hollow spherical rare-earth-doped yttrium oxysulfate: A novel structure for upconversion

A facile biomolecule-assisted hydrothermal route followed by calcination has been employed for the preparation of monoclinic yttrium oxysulfate hollow spheres doped with other rare-earth ions （Yb3＋ and Eu3＋ or Er3＋）. The formation of hollow spheres may involve Ostwald ripening. The resulting hybrid materials were used for upconversion applications. The host crystal structure allows the easy co-doping of two different rare-earth metal ions without significantly changing the host lattice. The luminescent properties were affected by the ratio and concentration of dopant rare-earth metal ions due to energy transfer and the symmetry of the crystal field. The type of luminescent center and the crystallinity of samples were also shown to have a significant influence on the optical properties of the as-prepared products.     

Comparative catalytic study on the carbothermic formation of hexagonal boron nitride with Li, Na, K and Ca carbonates

Catalytic effects of Li, Na, K and Ca carbonates on carbothermic formation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) were investigated. Experiments were conducted by keeping the plain and catalyst added B₂O₃ + C powder mixtures at 1400 °C in flowing nitrogen for 40–160 min. Products were subjected to quantitative and X-ray diffraction analyses, scanning and transmission electron microscopy examinations, and particle size measurements. Investigated catalysts increased the amount, particle size and crystallinity of the formed hBN. Average particle sizes of the obtained hBN powders were in 150–350 nm range. Catalytically, lithium and sodium carbonates were found to be the most effective, whereas calcium carbonate was the least effective. In the experiments conducted for 80 min, the quantity of the formed hBN increased 13-fold when 40 wt% Li₂CO₃ was used, as compared to plain mixture. The increases were ninefold and fourfold for the same duration when 40 wt% K₂CO₃ and 10 % CaCO₃ were used, respectively.